Redox flow cells for energy conversion

Energy storage technologies provide an alternative solution to the problem of balancing power generation and power consumption. Redox flow cells are designed to convert and store electrical energy into chemical energy and release it in a controlled fashion when required. Many redox couples and cell designs have being evaluated. In this paper, redox flow systems are compared in the light of characteristics such as open circuit potential, power density, energy efficiency and charge-discharge behaviour. The key advantages and disadvantages of redox flow cells are considered while areas for further research are highlighted.     

Negative effects of sufficiently small initial weights on back-propagation neural networks

In the training of feedforward neural networks,it is usually suggested that the initial weights should be small in magnitude in order to prevent premature saturation.The aim of this paper is to point out the other side of the story:In some cases,the gradient of the error functions is zero not only for infinitely large weights but also for zero weights.Slow convergence in the beginning of the training procedure is often the result of sufficiently small initial weights.Therefore,we suggest that,in these cases,the initial values of the weights should be neither too large,nor too small.For instance,a typical range of choices of the initial weights might be something like(0.4,0.1) ∪(0.1,0.4),rather than(0.1,0.1) as suggested by the usual strategy.Our theory that medium size weights should be used has also been extended to a few commonly used transfer functions and error functions.Numerical experiments are carried out to support our theoretical findings.     

高岭土/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯核壳结构复合粒子对聚丙烯动态机械性能的影响

采用乳液聚合方法,以高岭土为核,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为壳制备了具有核壳结构的共聚物。将制得共聚物与聚丙烯共混,用动态机械分析仪测试其共混物的动态机械性能,得出共混体系中温度与内耗因子的关系,温度与储能模量的关系以及温度与损耗模量的关系,并对所得的参数进行对比分析。研究表明,该种核壳结构的共聚物粒子与聚丙烯有很好的相容性,可以提高聚丙烯材料的阻尼性能,且可降低聚丙烯材料的玻璃化温度从而改善聚丙烯的柔韧性。     

纳米糊精微球对头孢曲松钠的吸附及其释药性能

以糊精为原料,三偏磷酸钠为交联剂,利用反相微乳液法制备糊精纳米微球,并对头孢曲松钠的吸附载药和释药性能进行了研究。为模拟人体血液环境,选取了pH 7.4的磷酸二氢钠-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液为介质考查了糊精微球的吸附载药及降解性能。实验表明,纳米糊精微球对头孢曲松钠的载药率为9.44%,载药能力随着投药量的增加而增加,温度对载药能力的影响不显著,在α-淀粉酶存在的条件下,降解6 h后有23.94%的纳米糊精微球被降解。     

采油菌株的分离及其特性研究

从采油菌剂及原油中共分离出11株细菌,并对其发酵特性和生理生化特性进行研究。结果表明,分离菌株可以利用石蜡产表面活性物质,但不产气;菌株发酵液的pH值没有明显的变化,对原油有不同程度的乳化作用;Y-1和Y-5为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),Y-2和Y-6为节杆菌属(Arthrobacter),Y-3为棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium),Y-4、J-1、J-2、J-4、J-5和J-6为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)。大多数分离菌株为兼性厌氧菌,具有运动性,不产生硫化氢,能够利用蔗糖、葡萄糖等廉价碳源产生有机酸和气体,这些特性有利于菌株应用于微生物采油。     

电磁管道抗垢装置的功放及回馈电路关键技术

分析比较了超声波防垢、机械去垢、管道化学酸洗、管道高压水射流清洗和电磁防垢的方法和效果。利用电磁防垢的防垢、除垢、杀菌和灭藻的功能原理,研制了嵌入式音频电磁共振管道抗垢装置。音频功率放大器件是装置的关键部分,既保证了足够的功率输出,又具有短路保护和过热保护作用。电路设计上,根据推动负载线圈功率信号的特点,将常规的线性功率放大电路改进成比较开关电路,有效降低了功放芯片的自身损耗。装置还通过线性光耦回馈负载线圈上的信号,进行峰值检测,经过微处理器运算后输出最佳频率,优化了管道抗垢去垢功效。     

酶解产物人参皂苷Rh_2、Rh_3的二氯甲烷层析分离

人参皂苷Rh2、Rh3具有一定的抗癌作用,而这些稀有皂苷在传统红参中的含量甚微。为了获得纯度较高的人参皂苷单体,将人参二醇类皂苷经酶转化等方法处理,得到以人参皂苷Rh2和Rh3为主的混合物。常压下,用二氯甲烷-甲醇作为洗脱液变换梯度进行硅胶柱分离,分别采用流动相V(二氯甲烷)∶V(甲醇)=7∶0.10、7∶0.13、7∶0.15、7∶0.18、7∶0.2、7∶0.3渐变梯度进行洗脱,当流动相V(二氯甲烷)∶V(甲醇)=7∶0.3时,成功分离出人参皂苷Rh2和Rh3。经高效液相色谱检测,为反式的二十、二十二碳烯Rh3和顺式的二十、二十二碳烯Rh3(即Rk2)混合物,纯度达到95%以上;也得到较纯的Rh2,经高效液相色谱检测为20(S)-Rh2和20(R)-Rh2异构体的混合物,纯度达到85%以上。     

Dy_2O_3掺杂对钛酸锶钡陶瓷结构性能的影响

采用草酸盐沉淀法,以硝酸锶、硝酸钡、钛酸丁酯和草酸为原料,Dy2O3为掺杂剂,制得了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉体,并于1250℃将其烧结成Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3系电介质陶瓷。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射及TH2818自动元件分析仪对Dy2O3掺杂量为0.2%~2%的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷的微观结构和介电性能进行研究。结果表明,Dy2O3的掺杂没有影响到BST陶瓷的主晶相钙钛矿结构,且一定量的Dy3+进入到BST晶格中。BST陶瓷的介电损耗随着掺杂量的增加而逐渐减小,介电常数随着掺杂量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当掺杂量为0.5%时,介电常数最大,为4 474.48。     

α-1,4葡聚糖麦芽糖苷酶生产菌的筛选及发酵条件

针对淀粉直接转化麦芽糖相对困难、高浓度麦芽糖生产效率低的工业难题,以麦芽糊精作为碳源,获得一株能将麦芽糊精转化为麦芽糖的α-1,4葡聚糖麦芽糖苷酶生产菌。能够转化糊精为麦芽糖并清除葡萄糖的发酵条件为:酵母粉2 g/L,麦芽糊精50 g/L,培养基初始pH值为6.0,发酵温度为35℃。     

利用模糊感知器解决模糊可分样本的分类问题

针对一类用于解决分类问题的模糊感知器,提出完全随机输入的模糊δ-规则,并给出训练样本模糊可分的定义。实例表明,利用该算法可以有效地解决模糊可分样本的分类问题,在有限步迭代后就达到收敛,即有限步训练后网络能将所有样本正确分类。